Five years of raging conflict in Yemen have had a devastating impact on the mental health of an entire generation of children, pushing some to the brink of depression, according to a new survey by Save the Children. More than half of the children surveyed said they feel sad and depressed, and more than one in 10 said they feel that way constantly.

The organization launched its findings while the country fears an outbreak of COVID-19, which would put an even bigger strain on the already hampered health services and the work of aid workers.

According to the survey, around one in five of the children interviewed said they are always afraid. Overall, 52 percent of the children reported never feeling safe when they are apart from their parents, 56 percent said they do not feel safe when walking alone.

In the largest survey of its kind since the escalation of the conflict in Yemen, which reaches five years this week, Save the Children interviewed more than 1,250 children (age 13-17), parents, and adult caregivers about their mental wellbeing.  The survey also shows that:

  • 38 percent of caregivers reported an increase in children’s nightmares
  • 18 percent of children reported they always feel grief, 51 percent that they sometimes feel this way
  • 8 percent of  caregivers reported an increase in bedwetting of their child
  •  16 percent of children say they are never or rarely able to relax
  • 36 percent of children reported never feeling like they could talk to someone in the community if they are sad or upset

Many of the interviewed children reported possible signs of anxiety such as increased heart rate, stomach pains, sweaty palms, and feeling shaky when fearful or afraid.

Eyad*, 14, from Saada, lost an eye after he was hit by shrapnel during an air raid. He likes to play basketball with the hoop he made from metal wire and rope—it helps him cope with his anxiety.
“[When the air raid happened] We went out running, the entire family—everyone was running for their life from the bombing, to the point we forgot one of my nieces.”

“[After this] I became lazy, not wanting to study, and I would always be tired, feeling dead. You can say that I lost hope. When we were younger, before the airstrikes started, every time we saw an airplane all of us children would gather and sing, ‘Airplane fly, flying airplane,’ but now after the airstrikes we are very scared of it.”

Children are paying a high price for the Yemen conflict. Since December 2017, at least 2,047 children have been killed or maimed in the violence.

Across the country, some 10.3 million children are food insecure, including  2.1 million who are acutely malnourished, and two million children are displaced. According to numbers from the Health Cluster, made up of several international organizations and UN agencies, nearly 1.2 million children fell sick with cholera, diphtheria, or dengue fever over the last three years.

Should COVID-19 be confirmed, it would add another layer of burden to the Yemini people. Save the Children fears it might push many over the edge as the possibility to contain the virus is limited, the health system is already overstretched, and it would deeply impact aid workers’ abilities in reaching the most vulnerable children with medical and other supplies.

The survey by Save the Children indicates in addition, that children and youth in Yemen are facing a mental health crisis and living in constant fear of coming under attack by explosive weapons or sniper fire.

Abed*, 10, also from Saada, lost his two brothers when the hospital where his father worked was hit by an airstrike.

“My life has changed since my brothers died. When I remember them, I feel sad. Then to distract myself, I go to play or do anything else. Children in the whole of Yemen are grieving their brothers, fathers, mothers due to airstrikes.”

If this crisis is not addressed, an entire generation will suffer long-term consequences, Save the Children warns. Children in conflict need places where they feel safe and can relax, or their stress response systems will remain activated, leaving them at serious risk of stress-related mental health conditions—but also impact their health in the long term, making them vulnerable to chronic diseases, like heart conditions.

Janti Soeripto, President and CEO of Save the Children, urged all parties in the conflict to work toward a political and peaceful solution.

“The children we spoke to are terrified. They are too scared to play outside. They are bedwetting as a result of hearing airplanes flying overhead or bombs falling. This is what five years of war does to the mental wellbeing of children.”

“With COVID-19 now a worldwide epidemic, the potentially devastating threat of a coronavirus outbreak in Yemen makes urgent action to pressure parties to end the war more important than ever. A political solution is the only sustainable way to end this terrible war and stop the suffering of children. Governments with influence over the warring parties must use their power to get all parties to the negotiation table. Those who continue to sell arms to the fighting parties must know they are fueling this war, and history will judge them. Nobody can claim ‘we did not know.’ The world knows, and yet the world continues to let it happen.”

According to the most recent data, only two child psychiatrists are available in the whole of Yemen and only one mental health nurse is available for every 300,000 people. Children have the right to feel safe and to healthy mental wellbeing; to avert the looming mental health crisis in Yemen, more funding for mental health and psychosocial support, including specialist support, is needed, Save the Children warned.

To learn more about Save the Children’s work in Yemen and donate to the response visit www.SavetheChildren.org/Yemen.

*names have been changed for safety reasons

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